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Auxiliary Verb (Group 2)
Someone gives some action as a favour to a person who is not a member of the giver's in group but whose status is about equal of the giver. | Do something for someone; do someone a favour by doing something |
【Related Expression: くれる2; (もらう2)】 |
(ksa). 私は信男さんにネクタイを買ってあげた・あげました。
I bought a tie for Nobuo.
(ksb). 僕は春子さんを慰めてあげた・あげました。
I consoled Haruko.
Vて | あげる | |
話してあげる | talk for someone's sake | |
食べてあげる | eat for someone's sake |
(a). 君はお母さんに何をしてあげましたか。
What did you do for your mother?
(b). 田中さんはスミスさんに本を貸してあげた。
Mr. Tanaka lent a book to Mr. Smith.
1. あげる is used as an auxiliary verb with the て form of verbs. The meaning of Verb-てあげる is 'do something for someone' or 'do someone a favour by doing something'. The restriction which applies to あげる1 also applies to あげる2. Namely, sentences with Verb-てあげる are descriptions from the viewpoint of the benefactor (i.e., the person in subject position); therefore, the indirect object must not be the first person or a person the speaker empathizes with. (⇨ ㊦ あげる (1)1, Note 1) Thus, (1a) and (1b) are ungrammatical.
As in KS (B), if the person receiving the benefit is the direct object of the sentence, the indirect object is omitted. Therefore, (3a) and (3b) are ungrammatical.
When the main verb is intransitive, あげる is not used along with に.
The following sentence is ungrammatical:
In this case, の為に 'for the sake of' is used, as in (5). (⇨ ㊦ 為(に)・ため(に))
4. The humble polite version of Verb-てあげる is Verb-てさしあげる. Example:
The degree of politeness expressed in Verb-てさしあげる is higher than that of Verb-てくださる and Verb-ていただく, which are the polite versions of Verb-てくれる and Verb-てもらう, respectively, (⇨ ㊦ 呉れる・くれる (1))
5. When the benefactor is in a higher position than the recipient or is of equal status and his relationship to the recipient is close, Verb-てやる is used instead of Verb-てあげる. Examples: