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Auxiliary Verb (Group 1)
| An auxiliary verb attached to a psychological/physiological adjective meaning a person other than the speaker shows signs of~ | Show signs of~ |
(ksa). 一男はスポーツカーを欲しがった・がりました。
Kazuo showed signs of wanting a sports car.
(ksb). 上田さんはアイスクリームを食べたがった・がりました。
Mr Uedo showed signs of wanting to eat ice cream.
| Adjective い/な stem | がる | |
| うれしがる | Someone shows signs of being glad | |
| めんどうがる | Someone shows signs of being bothered |
(a). スーザンは一人で淋しがっています。
Susan feels lonely by herself.
(b). 子供が眠たがっている。
My child wants to go to sleep.
1. There is a group of adjectives which, in the present tense, usually requires the first person (or a person with whom the speaker can empathize) as subject. If the subject of a sentence in which these adjectives occur is not the first person (or one with whom the speaker can empathize), then がる is attached to the adjective. Observe the accompanying change of particles from が into を.
If an adjective appears in an embedded clause (except a nominalized clause), the がる attachment is unnecessary even if the tense is nonpast and the subject is a person with whom the speaker cannot empathize. Thus,
(⇨ 欲しい, Note 3)
がる conjugates as a Group 1 verb. Thus,
| ⎧らない | informal, negative, nonpast | |
| ⎢ります | formal, nonpast | |
| ⎢る | informal, nonpast | |
| 欲しが | ⎨れば | conditional |
| ⎢ろう | volitional | |
| ⎢って | て form | |
| ⎩ った | informal, past |
3. The following psychological and physiological adjectives are commonly used with がる.
| Psychology | ||
| Adjectiveい | ||
| 欲しい | want | 欲しがる |
| 嬉しい | happy | 嬉しがる |
| 淋しい | lonely | 淋しがる |
| たい | want to | たがる |
| 怖い | scary | 怖がる |
| 羨ましい | envious | 羨ましがる |
| 面白い | amusing | 面白がる |
| Physiology | ||
| Adjectiveい | ||
| 痛い | painful | 痛がる |
| 苦しい | painful | 苦しがる |
| かゆい | itchy | かゆがる |
| 寒い | cold | 寒がる |
| 暑い | hot | 暑がる |
| だるい | languid | だるがる |
| くすぐったい | ticklish | くすぐったがる |
| Adjectiveな | ||
| 迷惑だ | troublesome | 迷惑がる |
| いやだ | dislike | いやがる |
4. A limited number of がる forms have derived noun forms. The form is がり(屋), meaning 'a person who shows signs of being ~'.
(⇨ や)