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Particle
| A marker that indicates exemplification. | And so on; and the like; for example; things like~ |
| 【Related Expression: なんか】 |
(ks). 日本の食べ物の中では寿司や天ぷらなどが好きだ・好きです。
Among Japanese foods I like things like sushi and tempura.
(a). A:冬休みはどこに行きましょうか。 B:ハワイなどどうですか。
A: Where shall we go during the winter vacation? B: How about Hawaii, for example?
(b). 大学ではフランス語やドイツ語などを勉強した。
In college I studied French and German and the like.
(c). この大学には中国や韓国などから学生が大勢来ます。
A lot of students from China, Korea and so on come to this college.
(d). A:経済学を専攻するつもりですか。 B:いいえ、経済学など専攻するつもりはありません。
A: Are you going to major in economics? B: No, I have no intention of majoring in things like economics.
(e). A:この翻訳をして下さいませんか。 B:こんな難しいもの、私などには出来ません。
A: Could you kindly translate this for me? B: A person like me cannot translate such a difficult thing.
1. A particle normally follows など, as in:
Particles other than が, を, and は can precede など, but, depending on the context, this order gives the sentence a more derogatory meaning. Examples:
If the main predicate is negated, as in Examples (d) and (e), など often conveys a sense of humbleness especially when the subject is the speaker or a member of his in-group. In other cases, it is generally derogatory.
【Related Expression】
なか is the informal, colloquial version of など. It is used as など is used except that in a context conveying undesirability or contempt there is more emphasis on the derogatory meaning.