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㊦ に(1) ←

→ ㊦ に(3)


㊦ に (2)

Particle


An indirect object marker. To; for

Key Sentences

(ks). 私は母手紙をよく書く・書きます。

I often write letters to my mother.


Examples

(a). 父は僕時計を呉れた。

My father gave me a watch.

(b). 加藤先生はアメリカ人の学生日本文学を教えている。

Professor Kato is teaching Japanese literature to American students.

(c). 私は妹お金を少しやりました。

I gave a little money to my younger sister.

(d). 今井さん電話しましたがいませんでした。

I called Mr. Imai, but he wasn't there.

(e). 大川先生は学生色々な辞書を見せた。

Professor Ookawa showed various dictionaries to his students.


Notes

1. In this construction, as seen in Key Sentence, the verb is typically transitive and is related to an action that involves something that can be transferred from one person to another, such as あげる 'give', 話す 'talk', くれる 'give', 見せる 'show', 投げる 'throw, 教える 'teach' and やる 'give'.

2. Any transitive verb used in the Verbてあげる or Verbてあげる construction can take , if the verb does not take a human direct object. For example, 読む 'read', which does not take a human object, can take 2, if used in the Verbてあげる or Verbてくれる construction, as shown in (1), but ほめる 'praise', which takes a human object, cannot take , as shown in (2).

An intransitive verb can never take even if it is used in the Verbてあげる or Verbてくれる construction. Thus,

(⇨ あげる2; くれる2)


㊦ に(1) ←

→ ㊦ に(3)