night
day

ホーム文法DoJG main menu基本 → Basic Page 81


㊦ あとで ←

→ ㊦ ばかり


㊦ ば

Conjunction


A conjunction which indicates that the preceding clause expresses a conditional. If
【Related Expression: たら; (なら, と4)】

Key Sentences

(ks). この薬を飲めよくなる・なります。

If you take this medicine, you'll get well.


Formation

(i)Group 1 verbs Vconditional  
  話せ If someone talks
(ii)Group 2 verbs Vstemれば  
  食べれば If someone eats
(iii)Irregular verbs 来る→来れば If someone comes
  するすれば If someone does
(iv)Adjective い Adjective い stemければ  
  ければ If something is expensive
(v) Adjective な Adjective な stem {なら(ば)/であれば}  
  {静かなら(ば)/ 静かであれば} If something is quiet
(vi)Noun+copula Noun {なら(ば)/であれば}  
  {先生なら(ば)/ 先生であれば} If someone is a teacher

Examples

(a). これは松本先生に聞け分かります。

You'll understand it if you ask Professor Matsumoto.

(b). その町は車で行け三十分で行ける。

You can get to that town in thirty minutes if you go by car.

(c). 安けれ買います。

I'll buy it if it's cheap./I would buy it if were cheap.

(d). 時間があれ京都へも行きたい。

If I have time, I want to go to Kyoto too./If I had time, I would want to go to Kyoto, too.

(e). 見たけれ見なさい。

If you want to see it, see it.

(f). 出来れこれもやってください。

Please do this, too, if you can.


Notes

1. "Sentence1Sentence2" basically expresses a general conditional relationship between the two propositions represented by Sentence1 and Sentence2. Sentence1 represents a condition and Sentence2 a proposition which holds or will hold true under the condition. ( is, in fact, the origin of the topic marker は.)

2. Sentence2 can be a statement of the speaker's volition or hope, as in Examples (c) and (d).

(⇨ と4)

3. Sentence2 can be a command, a request or a suggestion, as in Examples (e) and (f). In this case, however, Sentence1 cannot be an action. Thus, in (1) and (2) is ungrammatical.

(⇨ なら; たら)

4. Sentence1 can express both factual and counterfactual conditions. Thus, Examples (c) and (d) can be either factual or counterfactual statements.

(⇨ ばよかった)

5. Sentence1 can be a state or an event in the past if it is counterfactual or habitual. Examples:

However, Sentence1 cannot be a single factual event in the past even if it represents a condition, as seen in (5).

(⇨ たら)

6."Senetnce1Sentence2" does not mean more than a conditional relationship; therefore, this construction cannot be used when the speaker wants to suggest something by a conditional sentence. For example, (6) does not suggest that one should not approach the cage. It is acceptable only when it means, as a mere conditional statement, which one is in danger under the condition that one gets close to the cage.

In order to suggest that one should not approach the cage, 近づくと or 近づいたら is used instead of 近づけ.

7. There are some idiomatic expressions which utilize the "Sentence1Sentence2" construction.

(⇨ ばよかった; なければならない; と言えば)


㊦ あとで ←

→ ㊦ ばかり